Science Is Art

How to draw chloroplast Chloroplast is cell organelle which is seen only in plant cells and algal cells. A typical chloroplast is in biconvex shape. It has outer membrane and inner membrane. The inner membrane encloses viscous fluid called stroma. In stroma there is network of  several piled thylakoids. Chloroplast is food synthesizing organelle. It prepares food called starch by process called  Photosynthesis .   Step 1: Draw a double convex shape as shown.   Step 2: Draw one more curve upon,  following the contours of below curve.   Step 3: Draw about three faint reference  lines inside as shown. These lines help in drawing grana thylakoids in proper orientation.   Step 4: Draw about three to five grana along the reference lines as shown. Step 5: Connect the grana thylakoids by grana lamellae as shown. Put several neat dots to represent stroma of chlorop

How to draw Mitochondria Mitochondria  is cell organelle which generates power required for cell and hence called `Power house of the cell". They are sac like structures present in the cytoplasm of the cells. They may be of various shapes like thread, spherical or club. Mitochondria have two compartments an inner compartment and an outer compartment.  The viscous substance in the inner compartment is called Matrix. The matrix is surrounded by a membrane called Inner membrane. The inner membrane is thrown into several folds called Cristae. Now let`s draw mitochondria.   Step 1: Draw a rough sausage shape with free hand in faint curve. Do not stop the curve in the middle, continue until you meet the starting point.  Step 2: To give a sliced sausage look, draw one more curve as shown. Line inner side with another faint curve as shown.   Step 3: Erase the inner line leaving the faint impression and mark the positions of cristae wit

How to draw a nerve cell ( Neuron) Nerve cell is functional unit of nervous system.It has mainly two parts the Cyton and Axon.Cyton have several dendrites emerging from surface. Cyton gives rise to Axon from a triangular structure called axon hillock. Axon of nerve cells sometimes extend to 1 mt length in nerves of leg. Cyton something looks like a star so, it can be drawn from a basic star shape.  Step 1: Draw two triangles superimposed as shown resembling a star.  Step 2: Erase out the star shape leaving faint edges of the star. Use the reference edges of star to draw following shape.  Step 3: Pull out long axon from lower edge of the star shape.  Step 4: Draw nucleus, Nissil granules and tap fine dots for cytoplasm. Step 5: Draw fine branches from edges as shown you need little skill to draw them like roots of plant. Step 6: Draw the nerve terminals like fine roots. Draw Myelin sheath lik

How to draw Muscle cells Muscular tissue is composed of Muscle cells. Muscle cells show three essential properties such as excitability, conductivity and contractility. Muscle cells are in enlongated form of fibres (Myocytes). The myocytes have several Myofibrils which are responsible for the alternate dark and light bands on striated or striped muscle. A skeletal muscle is made up of striped muscle cells. Each skeletal muscle  fibre is long cylindrical and unbranched cell. It is a multinucleated cell with many oval nuclei. These cells work under conscious control of an organism.   A striped muscle cell is in the form of long fibre.So, we don't represent the ends of this cell.  Draw two parallel curves and mark several dark bands at uniform distance as shown. Make  oval nuclei here are there and label. Smooth muscle is located in the walls of the visceral organs such as blood vessels, trachea, bronchi, stomach, intestine, excretory and genital ducts etc. These mus

How to draw reflex arc Reflex arc consists of a receptor, a sensory nerve, an association neuron, motor nerve and effector organ. The receptor may be a single cell or a group of cells. They receive information about stimuli and generate electrical potentials. The sensory nerve is associated with receptor. It carries the information in the form of electrical impulses from the receptor organ to the spinal cord. In the spinal cord, the sensory nerve makes connections with other neurons in the grey mater. These neurons are called inter neurons or association neurons. The neurons process the information and generate responses. The efferent fibers of motor nerves carry these responses from inter neurons to the effector organ which is usually a muscle. This makes the muscle to contract. 1.Draw a apple shape as shown.  2.Draw the two tube like shapes as shown on both sides.  3. Position the Receptor and Effector as shown.  4.Connect receptor and effector with nerves as shown

How to draw TS of spinal cord Transverse section of spinal cord, shows butterfly shaped or  'H' shaped grey mater. Each segment of H shaped grey mater is called Horn. The upper horns are called Dorsal horns, and the lower horns are called Ventral horns. In the middle of the grey mater is a canal called Spinal canal. It runs all along the length of the spinal cord and is filled with cerebro spinal fluid.     From the sides of spinal cord, 31 pairs of nerves take their origin one from each side and supply branches to various parts of the body. Basic function of spinal cord is to act as a relay station-receiving information from various parts of the body parts below the head and send this information to brain. Similarly, it receives information from brain and sends this information to other parts of the body. In addition to this spinal cord also plays a major role in the reflex actions. 1.Draw a inverted apple shape as shown in figure. 2.Make a loop at bottom, m